Prerequisites, role and prospects for the development of the European free economic zone “Shannon” in Ireland

The relevance of the topic chosen for the analysis is determined by the fact that special economic zones in Ireland have become a noticeable factor in socio-economic transformations, having an impact on employment, regional development and the country’s integration into world economic relations. The example of the free economic zone (FEZ) “Shannon” in Ireland is of scientific and practical interest. The country has formed a model for the development of special economic zones, combining market incentives and active government regulation, which has ensured a steady flow of investment and an expansion of export-oriented production. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the selected FEZ model, assess its effectiveness and determine the possibilities of using certain elements of this experience in other countries. The authors used a comprehensive approach combining general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis), theoretical modeling, followed by analysis and synthesis of data, including statistical and comparative research methods. During the functioning of the Shannon FEZ, the initially adopted financial and economic instruments, as special and preferential tax regimes, for example, exclusive tax holidays and exemption from duties, made it possible to attract anchor investors. With the integration of Ireland into the European Union and the growth of its economy, the focus has shifted from unique tax preferences to a nationwide competitive corporate tax rate (12.5%) and a flexible system of targeted grants. The success of the Shannon FEZ is not due to tax incentives, but to an integrated, adaptive ecosystem. This ecosystem includes developed infrastructure, cluster specialization, access to global transport networks, the availability of qualified personnel and effective public administration capable of reconfiguring support mechanisms in accordance with the long-term development goals of the region.

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