The article analyzes the interregional interaction in the implementation of mineral projects in the Russian Arctic. The basis of interregional interaction is added-value chains, which in Russia are associated with the “Arctic semi-finished products” (raw materials of low added value). Russia’s integration into international processes is a creation of infrastructure projects and it is not a part of value chains in high-tech industries. The Russian Arctic needs the cooperation between northern and southern regions in the meridional direction, as well as the development of allied industries in other regions of the country. It is necessary to resolve the issues of localizing the production of equipment and building such chains that would ensure processing of raw materials within the country. A good example is the integration in the Soviet period, especially at the stage of the formation of the northern industrial regions. Currently, companies capable of implementing projects in the Arctic are geographically scattered across the country. The meridional technological and logistic links of the southern territories with the Arctic north, which were created on waterways in the second half of the last century, are now practically destroyed. To restore the lost chains in the Russian Arctic, it is necessary to develop basic infrastructure and basic production capacities in those regions that ensure the generation of goods within the North-South transport corridor. The solution may be in managing the effects of the implementation of Arctic projects. The basis of this management is a formation of added-value chains in the Arctic with a focus on preserving the added value in the regions where the respective mining projects are located.

The geographical position of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which occupies a significant part of the Arctic zone of Russia, determines its special role and responsibility in the development of the Arctic territories. Ecosystems of Yakutia are a unique reserve of the planet’s biosphere, more than 80% of the territory is untouched by industrial and economic development. Extreme natural and climatic conditions, fragmented industrial development, low population density, underdeveloped transport and energy infrastructure, high resource intensity and dependence on northern delivery, fragility of the ecology - these are specific features of the Arctic. They dictate the need for constant state care for the inhabitants of the Arctic. Speaking about the Arctic, it is impossible not to mention its huge energy reserve - about 20% of the world’s oil and gas reserves. The Arctic regions have unique opportunities to apply the best technologies, materials and innovations for industrial and manufacturing applications due to the fragility of the Arctic eco-system. The current state and rates of development of the Arctic territories of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) largely do not correspond to their potential and significance. Based on the priorities of state policy in the development of the Arctic, it is important to build a clear and unified system for the development of the Arctic territories, taking into account the special specifics of the macroregion.

Cooperation is the most important element in social economy, serving as an alternative to the capitalist and socialist ways and well-fitting into market relations. Cooperation in general and consumer cooperation as its most socially oriented component contribute to the preservation of the integrity of regional and national markets, take care of the society and each member of the cooperative organization. For Russian cooperation, due to its ideology, philosophy, organizational culture, and mentality, the social economy is the only possible way of existence. The combination of social mission and economic activity is a competitive advantage of cooperation, even though social programs cause significant costs. The phenomenon is that the social mission, causing costs, acts as an improvement factor in the economic relations between members, and therefore, as a factor in development of the system itself. The article is devoted to the theoretical aspects of developing agricultural cooperatives, which require a more thorough rethinking. Advanced agricultural technologies should be available not only to large, but also to small farms. This is a matter that ensures national security and successful competition in growing food markets. The key and long-term factor of sustainable agricultural growth should be the improvement of the quality of life among rural population. Even though new programs for the development of rural areas are being adopted, the performance of agricultural cooperatives is developing not with enough success. Our advantage associated with natural opportunities is not used. It should be used to increase the production of organic goods.

Balance of the budget as a fundamental principle of the formation and execution of the budget consists in the quantitative equilibrium of budget expenditures to the sources of their financing. Developing a deficit-free budget is one of the best options for ensuring a balanced budget when expenses, including the cost of servicing and repaying public debt, do not exceed revenues. However, in order to avoid a budget deficit in order to balance the budget, it is necessary to use different forms of borrowing, which requires minimizing the size of the budget deficit at all stages of the budget process. The balance of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has a direct impact on the socio-economic development of the regions. In order to successfully ensure the sustainable development of the region, it is necessary to make competent decisions about optimizing budget expenditures and increasing the revenue side of the regional budget, ensuring a balanced regional budget. At the same time, it is important to understand that both the deficit and the surplus of the regional budget can have a negative impact on the economy of the region. Thus, a budget surplus may indicate deficiencies in budget planning, an overestimated burden on economic entities, and low efficiency in the use of budget funds. Also, the revenue side of local budgets is completely dependent on transfers from regional budgets. In this regard, it is necessary to develop practical measures aimed at developing incentives to increase income in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. This article focuses on the analysis of revenues and expenditures of local budgets of municipalities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Based on the analysis, it has been established that the assessment of the quality of the balance of local budgets of municipalities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) depends not only on the state of economic development of the territory, but also on the established practice of providing them with financial assistance from the regional budget.

Among the sustainable development goals defined at the international level for the next decade, an important place is occupied by providing the population with jobs with a normal level of wages and reducing income inequality. The increase in the level of well-being should take place on the basis of qualitative changes in the economy. This paper examines the indicators characterizing the standard of living in the Russian Federation, according to the criteria of the international classification, analyzes the dynamics of nominal and real per capita incomes of the population of the Russian Federation, wages and assigned pension payments for the period 2013-2020, as well as compares them with the living wage. According to the results of the study, it was found that the measures taken to increase the income of the population as a whole gave a positive result, however, under the influence of the pandemic, the growth of real incomes stopped in 2020. The average wage in Russia, which is the main source of income for most citizens, has grown significantly over the period under review. Nevertheless, if we consider not the average but the median wages, it turns out that the economic situation of half of the employed population is very unstable. The standard of living of pensioners seems to be close to the poverty line, while the situation has not changed much during the study period. Thus, income inequality persists. There is no mass poverty in Russia, however, there is episodic, local and chronic, affecting certain groups and categories of the population. Further implementation of state policy will require expanding the range of measures aimed at improving the quality of life, creating a more effective system of social support and pension provision. Economic growth should be the basis for increasing the level of well-being.

Tengrianism is actively studied today and attracts the attention of the scientific community, being the first monotheistic religion of the early nomads of the steppe of the modern Eurasian space. In the scientific community, the phenomenon of “tengri” in the traditional religious beliefs of the Yakuts is especially relevant, in connection with the renaissance of traditionalism that began in the post-Soviet period, as well as with the emergence of new religious trends that transform and promote the popularization of the traditions of the people in the context of globalization. However, in modern Yakut society, the phenomenon of Tengrianism in the context of traditional religious beliefs is not widely spread and studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the role of Tengrianism and its main features in the traditional religious beliefs of the Yakuts, as well as modern religious trends (using the example of faith in Ayyy according to the teachings of L. A. AfanasyevTeris). The article shows the features of Tengrianism, which are fundamental in the traditional beliefs of the Yakuts. It is worth noting that in the course of the work, the interview method was used, which allows you to get acquainted with the teachings of L. A. Afanasyev-Teris, who developed this teaching on the basis of historical facts and evidence, using archival sources. Thus, as a result of the research, it was found out that the main features of Tengrianism are represented in the traditional beliefs of the Yakuts, especially in the rituals of the life cycle. Thus, Tengrianism is preserved in modern Yakut society as a phenomenon of neo-paganism due to the preservation of mythology, traditions and the use of basic rituals on holidays. The conclusion also raised the question of the religious self-identification of the modern Yakut society, which indicates further study of this issue.